The new FER X mechanism, introduced by the Italian government and approved by the European Commission as a state aid measure, foresees competitive auctions that allow renewable companies to secure fixed prices for energy valorization. “This system represents a significant step forward as it guarantees a fixed price for a long period, facilitating quicker returns on investment,” explains Ludovica Terenzi, co-founder of GreenSquare Italia, in an interview with Strategic Energy Europe.

The decree is still in draft form and will allow companies to compete in an auction to secure a fixed price for energy valorization. Furthermore, if the market price exceeds the fixed price, the company must return the difference to the Energy Services Manager (GSE), while if the market price falls below the fixed price, the company will be compensated by the GSE, the electricity system operator in Italy.

“It is less complex than other European mechanisms and simpler to apply. Just participate in an auction to secure the fixed price, which makes it more attractive to investors,” adds the GreenSquare Italia representative.

Accessibility and Benefits of the System
Terenzi emphasizes that, compared to other more complex European mechanisms, FER X stands out for its simplicity and accessibility. “You just need to submit an application to the GSE and participate in the auction, which makes the process much more streamlined for companies,” she clarifies.

This model benefits both large developers and small projects. For installations up to 1 MW, direct incentives are provided, eliminating the need to participate in the auction, thus encouraging the inclusion of small operators and community projects.

Impact on the Solar and Wind Sectors
The FER X mechanism is primarily designed to support the solar and wind sectors, which represent the majority of Italy’s renewable potential. “Italy has an exceptional solar resource, and the auctions offer an attractive framework for both national and international investors,” says Terenzi. Additionally, solar applications range from residential installations to ground-mounted ones, further expanding the scope of the mechanism.

While the auctions facilitate market entry, the success of FER X will depend on external factors such as grid saturation and project authorization times. “These are significant challenges, but the auctions offer greater predictability, making them an effective incentive,” Terenzi notes.

Key Regulations
The first FER X auctions are expected to be launched in the first months of 2025, providing a new boost to the Italian renewable energy market. The specialist highlights that there are currently two draft versions of the decree: one that would cease to apply on December 31, 2025, and the other on December 31, 2028, according to circulating drafts.

This mechanism is complemented by other regulatory measures, such as the consolidated text on renewable energy and the decree on suitable areas, which aim to unify criteria and accelerate the identification of areas suitable for projects.

It should be noted that the consolidated text on renewable energy was published in the Official Gazette of Italy on December 31, 2024, simplifying the authorization procedures. However, Terenzi emphasizes that “a unified approach is still needed to identify available areas, as this responsibility is currently divided among the regions,” which leads to delays in planning.

A New Path for the Italian Renewable Sector
With its competitive auctions and complementary regulatory measures, FER X promises to be a turning point for Italy’s renewable energy landscape. By offering fixed prices and simplified procedures, the mechanism aims to attract investment and accelerate the country’s energy transition. “FER X represents a key opportunity for the sector, providing clarity and stability for investors,” concludes Terenzi.