The National Commission on Markets and Competition (CNMC) has approved the technical specifications that electricity distributors must apply to calculate firm demand access capacity in distribution networks. This measure standardises criteria across the country and stems from Circular 1/2024, dated 27 September.

The resolution aims to enable greater utilisation of the available grid and offer transparency and clarity throughout the application process—a crucial improvement considering that over 60% of access applications were refused in 2024, representing roughly 40 GW of unconnected power.

From 9 September 2025, distributors will be obliged to publish firm demand access capacity maps on their websites. These maps will be standardised and made available in electronically editable formats, assisting prospective applicants in evaluating project viability in their local area based on up-to-date data.

Regulatory context and the case for reform

Distribution networks are critical to both the electrification of the economy and the integration of renewable energies. The lack of uniform criteria has previously generated uncertainty and regional inconsistencies. The new resolution seeks to maximise use of existing infrastructure while safeguarding the reliability of supply.

The technical specifications endorsed by the CNMC are the result of a dedicated working group formed in 2024 and include key components such as:

• Maximum and minimum power thresholds by voltage level, enabling applicants to determine whether financial guarantees are necessary.

• Standardised study scenarios, taking into account expiry dates for permits and extension rights.

• Operational forecasts based on actual hourly consumption data, incorporating realistic usage profiles.

• A single set of simultaneity coefficients applicable nationwide.

• The definition of singular demand, granting grid operators the discretion to meet reasonable access requests.

• Clear procedures among grid operators regarding the necessity for acceptability reports and data sharing.

New applications must adhere to the requirements set out in Annex I of Circular 1/2024, and include the economic guarantees mandated under Article 23.bis of Royal Decree 1183/2020. Distributors will process applications on a first-completed, first-served basis.

Lastly, the CNMC highlights that industries planning to electrify their operations should anticipate possible increases in contracted power, potentially necessitating a new access permit in accordance with the updated criteria.